Comments on: Orientalism and tourism https://languageonthemove.com/orientalism-and-tourism/ Multilingualism, Intercultural communication, Consumerism, Globalization, Gender & Identity, Migration & Social Justice, Language & Tourism Sat, 28 Mar 2015 03:25:20 +0000 hourly 1 https://wordpress.org/?v=6.9 By: Guest Post: A Passage to India, Delhi Day 4 (by Matt Faherty) | Policy of Truth https://languageonthemove.com/orientalism-and-tourism/#comment-45952 Sat, 28 Mar 2015 03:25:20 +0000 http://www.languageonthemove.com/?p=2324#comment-45952 […] took-tooks, trains and other bits of Indianesque lore. We’re too sophisticated for such Orientalist tourism here at PoT, so we reconvene with Matt back in […]

]]>
By: Xiaoxiao Chen https://languageonthemove.com/orientalism-and-tourism/#comment-1709 Mon, 02 Aug 2010 02:10:41 +0000 http://www.languageonthemove.com/?p=2324#comment-1709 In reply to Jane Simpson.

Hi Jane, Thanks for your comments. I have to clarify that your observation “this romanticisation occurs because the author is an ignorant English speaker writing for “Westerners” (more specifically, readers of English)” is not my implication. As indicated by Professor Piller, my PhD is about the issue whether Orientalism has affected China’s national travel dicourse, or rather if China practises self-Orientalism in its tourism discourse (see Kimie’s comment). So Orientalism is not simply about Western discursive contructions of the East; the powerless East can internalise Orientalism and follow the construction patterns of the West in its own imaging.

]]>
By: Xiaoxiao Chen https://languageonthemove.com/orientalism-and-tourism/#comment-1705 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 16:10:34 +0000 http://www.languageonthemove.com/?p=2324#comment-1705 In reply to Ingrid Piller.

Thanks, Ingrid. I have been greatly inspired by all the comments. I do agree with your hunch that textual flows are from English to Chinese rather than the other direction. The works of Western travel writers such as Cumming, Gill, and Hosie had presented an Orientalised image of China in the 19th century. This image still has repercussions on the contemporary English travel writings about China.

]]>
By: Xiaoxiao Chen https://languageonthemove.com/orientalism-and-tourism/#comment-1704 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 15:02:26 +0000 http://www.languageonthemove.com/?p=2324#comment-1704 In reply to Jane Simpson.

Thanks to Ingrids reply, my application of Orientalism in this post has been clarified. So there is not need for me to further elaborate on that. I am, however, interested in your point that some Chinese websites contain similar stereotypical descriptions of minoroties. Could you please inform me of these websites? Are they in Chinese? As part of my PhD project, I had done a preliminary research of the English websites of Chinas Central Government and Chinas official tourism organs. So far I havent found any examples of similar construction. In contrast, what I have found can be very telling examples of Chinas self-representation, especially representations that cast minorities in completely different light.
By the way, the other picture about the dating show on Jiangsu TV is that it has actually invited a lot of criticism in China and has nearly been cancelled. In response to the order from the State Administration of Radio Film and TV, Jiangsu TV has made some changes to the program. Other similar shows have either been stopped, suspended or required to make alterations. You can access this information from here: http://news.xinhuanet.com/society/2010-06/22/c_12245354.htm; http://news.xinhuanet.com/society/2010-06/23/c_12250024.htm; http://news.xinhuanet.com/politics/2010-06/23/c_12252209.htm; http://news.sina.com.cn/c/2010-06-23/235520533602.shtml;
http://news.sina.com.cn/s/2010-06-16/110920484493.shtml.

]]>
By: Ingrid Piller https://languageonthemove.com/orientalism-and-tourism/#comment-1703 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 12:19:40 +0000 http://www.languageonthemove.com/?p=2324#comment-1703 In reply to Jane Simpson.

Interesting empirical question whether there are many intertextual links between English travel writing about China and Chinese travel writing about it. My hunch is that textual flows are more from English into Chinese than vice versa. We’ll have to wait for Xiaoxiao’s PhD thesis to appear, though, as her research addresses precisely that issue.

]]>
By: Kimie Takahashi 高橋君江 https://languageonthemove.com/orientalism-and-tourism/#comment-1702 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 09:32:10 +0000 http://www.languageonthemove.com/?p=2324#comment-1702 Hi Jane, thanks for your comment! Good point about the issue of marginalisation of ethnic minorities by the dominant group, the Hans, which is obviously, equally problematic. At the same time, that doesn’t make Orientalist and non-Western Other as ‘misleading’ labels or render centuries of Orientalist representation of all things Asia as irrelevant. There are different types of oppressors of varying power and aims with differential results at play. Orientalist practices in travel writing today embody the dominant ideology of the capitalist market in that minorities are commodified as product to be consumed, while the oppression of the minorities by the Hans underlie their interest in keeping non-Hans in their place. “Chinese themselves are doing it” isn’t a good reason why we should stop challenging the power imbalance between the West and Asia, which itself has been created and maintained in Orientalist discourses. Orientalism and also the practice of self-Orientalism (‘Orientals’ themselves taking up the Orientalist discourses) are powerful concepts that help us to do just that.

]]>
By: Jane Simpson https://languageonthemove.com/orientalism-and-tourism/#comment-1700 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 09:01:55 +0000 http://www.languageonthemove.com/?p=2324#comment-1700 Oops – I should think before dashing off comments. The term ‘Orientalism’ places the focus on the non-“Orientals” romanticising the “Orientals”, which was the context in which Said used it. What he did was really useful – it was just a pity he used such a lousy term to describe it. It’s even more of a pity that people took up the term. To use a term which draws attention to the (often unconscious) idiotic practices of one group as if no other group does it is itself a form of stereotyping. It can lead to sloppy thinking. Maybe this escapes attention because the term ‘Orientalism’ is indirectly stereotyping, rather than directly stereotyping, like ‘welsh, scotch, ikey’. On content, Chen’s implication is that this romanticisation occurs because the author is an ignorant English speaker writing for “Westerners” (more specifically, readers of English). And yet what we read in the English media is affected by how Chinese tourism industry operators present the ethnic minorities. Many Han writers romanticise or patronise non-Han minorities of China, sometimes out of ignorance (it’s a big country!), sometimes for the obvious political reasons associated with wanting to integrate disaffected regions, and increasingly because of interest from the massively increasing numbers of Han tourists who want to see something out of the ordinary, just like their counterparts from Australia.

]]>
By: Ingrid Piller https://languageonthemove.com/orientalism-and-tourism/#comment-1698 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 07:21:31 +0000 http://www.languageonthemove.com/?p=2324#comment-1698 @ Jane: Said’s argument is that Western images of the Middle East have served as a justification for colonialism and imperialism. Many post-colonial thinkers have extended the meaning of “Orientalism” to describe any ideology that serves to justify (neo-)colonial relationships. If the Naxi are internally colonized in China and the discourses you mention serve to justify that relationship (and I have no idea whether that is actually so or not), then I don’t see why the term “orientalist” couldn’t be used. However, I wonder whether your point is just about terminology? Or is the argument actually that Xiaoxiao’s analysis isn’t valid because Orientalist discourses and colonial relationship pertain not only between the West and the rest but elsewhere as well? If yes, isn’t that a staple of orientalist discourse? “Colonialism is justified because the colonial other is just as bad, if not worse, than we are.”…

@ unknown: you seem to object to applying Said’s “grand ideas” to so mundane a text as travel writing. Said himself, of course, used examples from travel writing. Mass-mediated texts of questionable “quality” form the huge repository of orientalist imagery, and tourism discourse certainly keeps a lot of orientalist ideas in circulation … so, imho, post-colonial thinkers do well to keep an eye out for such mundane discourses.

]]>
By: unknown https://languageonthemove.com/orientalism-and-tourism/#comment-1695 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 05:55:19 +0000 http://www.languageonthemove.com/?p=2324#comment-1695 Dear Xiaoxiao,

I attentively read your post because I have always been pre-occupied with post-colonial thinkers like Edward Said. I also had a look at the magazine. But don’t you think that what you have mentioned in your post is an oversimplification of Said’s grand ideas? I think it is clear for whom such a text has been produced as it is clear who goes to red light districts!

]]>
By: Jane Simpson https://languageonthemove.com/orientalism-and-tourism/#comment-1692 Sun, 01 Aug 2010 02:04:46 +0000 http://www.languageonthemove.com/?p=2324#comment-1692 It is a pretty hideous piece of journalism, I grant you. But if you look at some Chinese websites, you’ll find equally offensive stuff written about minorities such as the Naxi. They’re described as “Living Fossils”, for example, and there is equivalently salacious interest in their marriage practices. So given this, labels such as ‘Orientalist’ and ‘non-Western Other’ are perhaps misleading. How do Han Chinese construct the Naxi? The non-Han Other? Should one be talking about Han-ist as well as Orientalist? We need a better label than Orientalist to describe the practice of seeing others as different from ourselves. Note also that the phrase ‘Game of love’ echoes the English translation ‘Playing by the rules in the game of love’ of the name of a dating show from Jiangsu TV, which is apparenlty very popular among Chinese viewers.

]]>
By: Khan https://languageonthemove.com/orientalism-and-tourism/#comment-1682 Sat, 31 Jul 2010 15:01:37 +0000 http://www.languageonthemove.com/?p=2324#comment-1682 A wonderful post with a very well-grounded analysis. It shows how facts and realty is distorted or reconstruted by means of text to hide the latent business interest. I agree with your observation that the possible complimentarity between photography and written text is missing which might be strategic as the written text makes indirect references to one night-stay without any responsibilty afterwards and of course the very title Game of Love, Chinese Style is self-explanatory. No wonder that the custom of Walking marriage become an excuse for the emergence of red-light district as it is very much obvious in the text.
The image of an old harmless man, I should think, complements the overall intended meanings of the text. Notice the man is weak without any strength and by implication has no role in that society. The text construct women as promiscuous and customs promoting such activities.

To a great extent the intended meaning of the text link to Occidental construction of sterotypical East as you rightly pointed out. However, we should not neglect who the text producers are and for whom it is produced?

]]>